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Udzungwa Mountains National Park (UMNP), Tanzania
To maintain livelihoods and/or enhanced resilience of local communities to major shocks caused by COVID pandemic, whilst effectively contributing to protected areas management.
Livelihoods of local communities
The implementation of the project will bring a lot of change not only to the Udzungwa Mountains National Park but also to the local community at large. Through this project the number of tourists in the Park will significantly increase since the nature trails and drive routes in the Park will be easily accessible, poaching and other illegal activities in the Park will be reduced due to increased number of patrols that will be conducted by the Park Rangers, also the awareness of the local community concerning the importance of biodiversity conservation at the Park will be increased. Based on the aforementioned change expected to be seen in the Udzungwa Mountains National Park the project will also contribute to the improvement of livelihoods and resilience of local communities through various conservation activities that will require the involvement community members such as management of drive routes and nature trails.
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Eastern Arc Mountains Conservation Endowment Fund (EAMCEF)
Udzungwa Mountains National Park/Tanzania National Parks (TANAPA)
Uzungwa Scarp Nature Forest Reserve (USNFR), WDPA ID 555697529, Tanzania
Enhanced management and governance of protected or conserved areas.
This project will address three priority needs of the protected area:
As a direct result of this project, STEP expects to continue collaborating with TFS during this difficult period in management and protection efforts with the goal of significantly reducing illegal activities threatening the tropical biodiversity hotspot and aiming to attain the following changes:
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Southern Tanzania Elephant (STEP)
Chumbe Island Coral Park, WDPA ID: 72397, Zanzibar, Tanzania
Enhance the management and governance of priority protected areas by addressing existing limitations.
Support local communities’ initiatives aiming to enhance the livelihoods of local people whilst effectively contributing to protected areas management.
Chumbe Island Coral Park is a not-for-profit private marine and terrestrial protected area in Zanzibar, Tanzania. Funded entirely by sustainable ecotourism, the park has been self-financing for more than 20 years. Due to COVID19 however, tourism came to a complete standstill in 2020 and is still nowhere near to pre-Covid numbers. We have had to put 29 out of 41 staff on unpaid leave and the remaining 12 staff have been working fulltime on a reduced salary to keep the park protected during these difficult times. This project will fund the salaries and patrol costs of the conservation team to keep the island protected and secure from poaching threats.
The following project activities will ensure that conservation management on Chumbe Island will continue, despite the fact that the eco-lodge still has limited to no bookings, and address the urgent threat on the marine park, Chumbe staff and local fishing communities:
Most importantly, project implementation will allow for full patrol operations over the coming 12 months which will decrease poaching attempts inside the MPA and subsequently ensure that 25 years of successful conservation efforts are not lost. Moreover, eight previous Chumbe team members will receive full-time employment for the whole project duration, each supporting on average 12 dependents in their local communities. Zanzibari community members from neigbouring fishing villages will gain knowledge and practical insights in nature conservation through Chumbe’s extensive environmental education program which will positively impact compliance to MPA regulations. Especially young fishers, who are economically impacted by the pandemic, will be offered a skill development course with tangible skills that will increase their employability in conservation and marine tourism. Two motivated youth will have access to a six-month internship with the prospect of employment on Chumbe Island once the effects of the pandemic have subsided. At least 15 local rangers from two other marine conservation areas in Unguja will benefit from the establishment of a Ranger Network with enhanced skills and knowledge in effective MPA management which will strengthen relationships and cooperation between the rangers.
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Chumbe Island Coral Park Ltd
Nzuguto Wetland, Rubirizi district, Southwestern Uganda
(The COVID -19 Lockdown has resulted into heavy reliance by community members in Rubirizi District on Nzuguto wetland products like papyrus for crafts, clay for brick laying, trees for fuel wood and charcoal, etc in search of survival. This has resulted into sharp wetland drainage cycle disruption, increase of vermins and problem animals like monkeys; excessive water, soil and vegetation loss in the wetland; posing a danger to hundreds of households who access the wetland for basic needs like water and services like climate modulation, air purification etc The proposed project interventions will directly contribute to sustainable livelihoods addressing key challenges like safe water access, alternative livelihood income sources, education / awareness on environmental protection and management, and ecosystem services/habitat restoration)
The activities of the project include the following:
There will be overall recovery of the wetland biodiversity by reducing unnecessary wetland access, restoration of the degraded areas, and an improved and streamlined wetland management system. Water volumes in the wetland will increase which will be used to recharge the springs and the fish ponds. This will lead to natural regeneration of the vegetation within and an improved drainage cycle of the wetland. Indigenous plants as well as local medicines, and all forms of wild animals and avifauna will be preserved. Total surface area of the wetland will increase. Ecosystem services and benefits of the wetland will be restored.
The interventions will directly contribute to sustainable livelihoods, hence reducing their dependency on the wetland, promote a better and healthy environment for both the people and the wildlife within, sustainable use of natural resources, and reduce negative environmental impact and climate change.
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RUBIRIZI DISTRICT LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Tsavo Conservation Area, Southern Kenya
Tsavo West National Park – WDPA ID: 19564
Tsavo East National Park – WDPA ID: 752
The Tsavo Conservation Area is vast spanning 48,000km2. It incorporates Kenya’s largest Protected Areas; Tsavo East, Tsavo West and Chyulu Hills National Parks, which make up 49% of Kenya’s Protected Areas network and cover 24,000km2. The remaining areas, consisting of ranches, private and communal lands forming important “buffer zones” for wildlife dispersal. This brings significant challenges for local communities, particularly vulnerable members, who lose subsistence livelihoods when wildlife raids their crops or kills their livestock.
The Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool was applied to the Tsavo Conservation Area in 2015. The area was designated an IUCN category II for values including the high number of endangered species (including 18% of Kenya’s total black rhino population – a Key 1 site); Kenya’s largest single elephant population (approx. 15,000); the area’s diverse landscapes; and the national and local economic benefits that the area generates. Tsavo plays a critical role in providing ecosystem services to benefit local communities and societies. Nature and these ecosystem services, which include water storage and provision, food provision, and carbon sequestration, provide the foundations for sustainable development, underpinning our societies and economies. Many of the local communities surrounding the Tsavo National Parks have limited economic opportunities, unfavourable agricultural conditions and lack basic governmental services; forcing some individuals to turn to illegal activities to survive. Consequently, Tsavo faces many threats including: poaching for bushmeat and ivory/horns for the Illegal Wildlife Trade; mega infrastructure developments; habitat destruction; constant Human Wildlife Conflict and climate change challenges. The impacts of Covid-19 have exacerbate these pressures on Tsavo.
Maintain livelihoods and/or enhanced resilience of local communities to major shocks caused by COVID pandemic, whilst effectively contributing to protected area management.
The impacts of Covid-19 are devastating, particularly for vulnerable communities in developing countries where there is no resilience and social welfare support and healthcare is lacking. This is the situation facing the Kamungi community in southern Kenya, where poverty levels are 87% (36.1% Kenya national average). With no end in sight and global economies likely to take years to recover, there is an urgent need to support the most vulnerable members of society.
As a lower middle-income economy, Kenya’s capability to respond to this global pandemic is limited. Given tourism generates 1.1 million jobs, the sudden hiatus of this sector presents enormous social and economic pressures. As many people live hand-to-mouth, and with poverty rates at 36.1% of the population (pre Covid-19), Kenyans are particularly vulnerable to these impacts over an extended period. This is particularly true for rural communities, such as the Kamungi community of Tsavo, where only 10% of individuals were employed prior to Covid-19.
Bushmeat poaching increased significantly in 2020. The Tsavo Trust teams, working alongside the National Wildlife Agency, the Kenya Wildlife Service, recovered over 1,477kg of bushmeat in 2020. This is the highest amount on record for 1 given year since Tsavo Trust started its operations in 2013. This loss of biodiversity erodes natural capital and further increases the vulnerability of local communities when ecosystem services begin to fail.
Under this project, Tsavo Trust aims to build resilience for members of the Kamungi conservancy; strengthen their capacity to survive the impacts of Covid-19; and ensure they are equitable stakeholders in wildlife conservation. Key activities include the implementation of TT’s 10% Fence Plan to reduce human wildlife conflict; and the assessments of social impacts and the participatory planning of community engagement using SAPA processes.
Tsavo Trust has played a key stewardship role in the development of the Kamungi Conservancy since 2013, delivering benefits derived from the Conservancy Model.
In 2020, Tsavo Trust designed the 10% Fence Plan, an innovative model that prevents crop raiding and increases food security. This model has been installed for 3 farmsteads in Kamungi Conservancy during the Pilot Phase in 2020. Socio-economic assessments have been conducted following the construction of the pilot fences; and have already shown a 100% decline in crop loss to wildlife, improved community perceptions and improved livelihoods to those families that received this model. This in turn has reduced the pressure on the Protected Areas.
Under this proposal, 4 new fences will be installed, benefitting approximately 40 members of the Kamungi Conservancy (4 families). Under the plan, 10% of each individual’s land (approximately 20-150 acres) will be fenced using electrified “porcupine fences”, widely used to mitigate human wildlife conflict in Kenya, allowing the landowner to grow crops. The unfenced 90% is left accessible for wildlife and livestock. This idea has both the marginal environment (90%) and the landowner’s subsistence needs (10%) in mind.
In addition, Tsavo Trust will roll-out the Social Assessments for Protected Areas initiative, a participatory process that assesses positive and negative social impacts of Protected Areas on target communities, and to understand perceptions of well-being. With this process, Tsavo Trust will continue to build trust with the Kamungi community, providing a baseline of community perceptions for future monitoring and evaluation, to assess success of community programmes, but importantly to inform community intervention strategies moving forward so that the Protected Areas are contributing to human wellbeing and financial resilience.
The 10% Fence Plan was designed to prevent crop raiding and livestock predation, and consequently increase food security and promote co-existence between wildlife and community members of Kamungi. This builds on Tsavo Trust’s existing 7 beehive fences, which deter crop raiding elephants (who actively avoid bees).
A combination of beehive and 10% fences, as well as the presence of Tsavo Trust’s Kamungi Community Scouts team, will provide a mosaic of human wildlife conflict mitigation uses in Kamungi Conservancy. This is an ideal location to try differing mitigation options given the Conservancy borders onto the Tsavo West National Park and there is no hard boundary such as an electric fence. This differing array of mitigating fences could prove to be an excellent trial that can, over time, give informed advice and direction for other community projects that border onto the Protected Areas.
The local community would benefit most from the success of this concept. Incidents of human wildlife conflict will be considerably reduced, as well as damage to crops from wildlife. This will ensure food security for households. Resources initially used to purchase food could be channelled to other uses such supporting children’s education.
The wildlife of Kamungi Conservancy will also benefit through the use of fallow blocks of land and a community that is increasingly tolerable towards local and transient wildlife. Reduced human wildlife conflict translates to fewer wildlife retaliatory killings. Land left fallow will be utilized as habitat for many and varying species including Dik-diks, Duikers, Elephants and Wild Dogs.
Most conservation projects focus on wildlife as opposed to communities. The community view on this is that conservation organizations value wildlife more than people. Focusing on the local community may win their support in conservation of wildlife and their habitats. This is to the benefit of conservation organizations and likeminded institutions. Very important aspect of this project is that if, over time, we can show that this relatively cost- effective way of securing land on the boundaries of formal Protected Areas can help local communities to farm successfully in areas where human wildlife conflict has been ever prevalent, it will be a conservation success that can be replicated elsewhere in dry arid environments.
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Tsavo Trust
Mumoni IBA and Mutitu IBA, Kitui County, Kenya
Enhanced management and governance of protected or conserved areas
Rapid Response Grant will be used to address the threats that escalated in the two forests (Mumoni and Mutitu) during the COVID-19 pandemic by engaging Kenya Forest Service, Kenya Wildlife Service, County Government of Kitui and local stakeholders led by Mumoni and Mutitu Site Support Groups (SSGs) to conduct monthly forest patrols and assessment on forest disturbances in each of the two forests.
Output 1. Local institutions have increased capacity and better governance
Output 2. Local institutions have increased technical skills and knowledge to monitor and regulate sustainable use of natural resources
Output 3. Forest adjacent communities are receiving greater income and benefits
Output 4. Lessons learned from the response are disseminated
Output 1. Local institutions have increased capacity and better governance
Output 2. Local institutions have increased technical skills and knowledge to monitor and regulate sustainable use of natural resources
Output 3. Forest adjacent communities are receiving greater income and benefits
Output 4. Lessons learned from the response are disseminated
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Nature Kenya
The Zambezi Delta in Mozambique. WDPA ID 303674
| IM4.1 # of PCAs with improved monitoring system thanks to BIOPAMA AC project. IM4.2 Area concerned in Km2 |
| IM6.1 # of PCAs with improved native species status thanks to BIOPAMA AC project. IM6.2 # of endangered species benefiting of targeted actions thanks to BIOPAMA AC project. IM6.3 # of endangered species with improved status thanks to BIOPAMA AC project. |
| IM7.1 # of PCAs with improved threat management, enhanced response, mitigation or eradication thanks to BIOPAMA AC project. (the threat has to be specified: CC, illegal hunting, IAS; etc…) IM7.2 Measure in figures of the reduction of threat. IM7.3 Area covered in Km2. |
| IM8.3 Measure in figures of the improvement (i.e. reduction of illegal activities). |
| IM9.1 # of PCAs with enhanced efforts for maintaining ecological attributes and processes thanks to BIOPAMA AC project. IM9.2 Area covered in Km2. |
| IM15.1 # of PCAs with enhanced benefits for local communities thanks to BIOPAMA AC project. IM15.2 # of communities benefiting of enhanced socio-economic benefits from PCAs thanks to BIOPAMA AC project. IM15.3 # of indigenous people benefiting of enhanced socio-economic benefits from PCAs thanks to BIOPAMA AC project. |
Funding of this project will ensure the continuity of: (1) employment and deployment of anti-poaching teams; (2) monitoring of lion and leopard populations (3) establishment of permanent, sustainable agricultural fields to feed the resident community and (4) the use of technology to help to inform this and future projects.
Activities
Anti-poaching patrols by foot, motorbike and air, cover many of the footpaths and roads in the area, as well as known poaching hotspots. Foot patrols cover approximately 120 km a week, motorbikes 1000 km a week, and helicopters are in the air for approximately 30 hours a week. This anti-poaching activity will help to reduce losses of key species to illegal hunting. The patrols will also help in the on ground monitoring of key species, alerting management if they spot any issues, such as snared to injured animals needing assistance.
In addition, the monitoring of collared lions will help to assess the condition and size of the lion population, and give managers short notice of any problems with the collared lions, by assessing movement patterns sent by the satellite collars. Any unusual patterns will result in attaining a visual assessment of the animal/s concerned and, if necessary, veterinary attention to the animal.
The leopard population is also being strategically monitored by making use of permanent camera traps. Individual animals can be identified using their unique spot patterns and counts of individuals used to estimate the size of the population in the area. It is important for these camera traps to be maintained as their monitoring helps in the prevention of human wildlife interaction and the losses of leopards to poaching. Lastly this grant is supporting the growing of food crops in the area to feed communities whose livelihoods have been negatively affected by the loss of income from visitors during the pandemic. The crops are being grown in a sustainable way to feed the community, generate income (from sales of excess produce), and limit the impact of individual families clearing new areas of forest to plant small scale crops and commercially harvest firewood.
The Rapid Response Grant will be used to provide immediate protection for lions and leopards through anti-poaching patrols, snare removal whilst providing alternative livelihoods to avoid an increase poaching and forest clearing.
The change expected, is the long-term viability of the reintroduced lions will be reached in 2022 if the lions continue breeding. The lion population will be monitored for at least the next 10 years at which stage we have modelled that the population will be 83 lions, which would make the Delta one of the main strongholds of lions in world. The current estimated density of leopards is 1.6 leopards per 100km2; the milestone for leopard populations would be to see an increase to 2.6 leopards per 100km2 which would in line with the density recorded for the only other leopard site in Mozambique.
Food security to reduce impact of bush meat poaching and deforestation will be sustained and additional training will be funded from tourism income. The decreased amount of work and increased productivity of conservation agriculture as compared to slash and burn as well as the income from the surplus demonstrated during this project should also contribute to sustainability. In the longer term it is envisaged that the community would be agriculturally self-sufficient and independent and would have moved away from slash and burn agriculture.
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Southern African Wildlife College (NPO)
Mukogodo Forest Reserve.
Enhanced management and governance of the protected or conserved area.
Improved Security and wildlife/habitat monitoring in the Mukogodo National Forest Reserve in the face of the COVID pandemic through the installation of an effective and efficient landscape communications system.
The Project has four components:
Contribute to the improved governance of the Mukogodo (Community) Forest Association through stronger engagement in landscape conservation activities with private sector conservancies and national conservation authorities.
Procure modern digital radio equipment for use by community rangers.
Develop and integrate the Mukogodo security and wildlife monitoring system with similar landscape activities practiced by landscape conservation partners through training and joint patrols.
Establish the protocols and procedures for regular data collection, coordination, reporting and analysis of security issues, wildlife monitoring, and human-wildlife conflict incidents with landscape partners.
Implementation of this project will ensure that forest rangers are properly trained and supported with a security and monitoring system that supports their work. They will be able to undertake more frequent field patrols, deter illegal activities and gather information on the state of biodiversity in Mukogodo Forest. A new digital reporting and monitoring system will allow them to join landscape conservation efforts.
This activity contributes directly to continued security and integrity of the Forest, and it will allow ILMAMUSI Mukogodo Forest Association to join the landscape system of monitoring and reporting effectively. With this important connection, the CFA will become a more effective landscape partner, contribute valuable information to forest security, management and planning.
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Laikipia Wildlife Forum
Ilmamuse Mukogodo Forest Association
Miguel Domingo Fuerte Natural Monument, Parque Nacional Sierra Martín García, Parque Nacional Francis Caamaño, Parque Nacional Anacaona, Refugio de Vida Silvestre Laguna Cabral, Monumento Natural Pico Diego de Ocampo, Reserva Científica Salcedoa, Reserva Científica Quita Espuela and Reserva Científica Guaconejo.
Enhance the management and governance of priority areas by addressing existing limitations (supporting new PAME/PAGE assessment tools, strengthening on-site infrastructure/equipment for patrolling, poaching control, developing capacity of staff).
We are looking to obtain an analysis based on this STGA that clearly and objectively provides the priorities for action to improve the management and governance of these protected areas, and the performance of current management mechanisms. We will identify the priorities to maintain management effectiveness in the medium and long term and determine opportunities for improvement, such as strengthening the relationship with the communities and promoting the sustainable use of resources. We will also analyse the potential environmental and social risks for the implementation of the actions. This analysis will also serve as input for: i) updating or preparing management plans for these protected areas, as appropriate; ii) inclusion of stakeholders in management committees; iii) highlighting the importance of proper management and achieving commitments with decision-makers: iv) obtaining inputs and identifying priority activities for fundraising; v) promote actions with the REDD + Program.This project will strengthen Iwokrama’s monitoring and enforcement capacity while supporting community livelihoods through business development training. Additionally, the project will focus on enhancing community youth capacity through educational activities and equipment support as well as increasing awareness of natural resource legislation for relevant agencies and North Rupununi communities.
The project will focus on updating the METT for the mentioned protected areas, identify priority actions, conduct interviews with stakeholders and facilitate an assessment of other activities.
The updated METT Assessments will help determine priorities for action that will be used to improve the management and governance of protected areas and the performance of current management mechanisms. This analysis will also serve as input for: i) updating or preparing management plans for these protected areas, as appropriate; ii) inclusion of stakeholders in management committees; iii) highlighting the importance of proper management and achieving commitments with decision-makers: iv) obtaining inputs and identifying priority activities for fundraising; v) promote actions with the REDD + Program.
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SOH Conservación
Iwokrama Forest
•Enhance the management and governance of priority protected areas by addressing existing limitations;
•Enforce the legal framework required to achieve effective biodiversity conservation in PAs;
•Support local communities’ initiatives aiming to enhance the livelihoods of local people whilst effectively contributing to protected areas management.
This project will strengthen Iwokrama’s monitoring and enforcement capacity while supporting community livelihoods through business development training. Additionally, the project will focus on enhancing community youth capacity through educational activities and equipment support as well as increasing awareness of natural resource legislation for relevant agencies and North Rupununi communities.
This project will seek to enhance the management and governance of priority protected areas by addressing existing limitations through the improvement of key infrastructures within Iwokrama Forest including rehabilitating the 2 Ranger Stations. It will also focus on strengthening monitoring and enforcement in Iwokrama by equipping the Iwokrama monitoring unit with relevant tools such as a boat and engine, and personal protective equipment including life jackets, and other supplementary equipment such as spot-lights and binoculars to help monitor illegal activities within Iwokrama and its surrounding borders. Additionally the project will also improve capacity between Iwokrama and Fair View by including village members or representatives in monitoring activities and support local communities’ initiatives aiming to enhance the livelihoods of local people whilst effectively contributing to protected areas management. Finally, it will support Fair View and North Rupununi District Development Board (NRDDB) wildlife clubs by purchasing equipment e.g. bird field guides, binoculars, posters and other educational media along with youth engagement activities and provide support to Fair View villagers in implementing projects involving sustainable use of resources such as business development. This project will engage consultants who, for each protected area, will:
Iwokrama aims to improve key infrastructures (Ranger Stations 1 and 2) that serve as barriers to the two main access points in Iwokrama. These two Ranger Stations are strategically located on the northern and southern borders of a 72km road corridor found within the Iwokrama Forest. The project aims to enhance monitoring efforts within Iwokrama, and especially increase monitoring patrols along the rivers where the most prominent illegal activities (illegal mining and hunting) occur. Iwokrama also aims to support Fair View in monitoring their village lands and natural resources through collaborative monitoring efforts. A representative from the village will accompany rangers during monitoring patrols to improve capacity between Iwokrama and Fair View Village.
Iwokrama’s goal is to support Fair View village in their projects and initiatives by providing the villagers with necessary skills in business development planning. Ultimately, we hope that that Fair View Village is able to implement community projects with the skill and knowledge to further develop their community. Fair View youth capacity will also be increased with activities and equipment support.
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Iwokrama International Centre for Rain Forest Conservation and Development
